An in vitro radiographic evaluation of the accuracy of Apex and iPex electronic apex locator

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the clinical applicability of two electronic apex locators (EALs) - Apex (Septodont) and iPex (NSK) - in different groups of human teeth by using radiography. The working lengths (WLs) of 100 root canals were determined electonically. The EAL to be used first was chosen randomly and a K-file was inserted into the root canal until the EAL display indicated the location of the apical constriction (0 mm). The K-file was fixed to the tooth and a periapical radiograph was taken using a radiographic film holder. The K-file was removed and the WL was measured. The same procedure was repeated using the other EAL. Radiographs were examined with the aid of a ligth-box with lens of x4 magnification by two blinded experienced endodontics. The distance between the file tip and the root apex was recorded as follows: (A) + 1 to 0 mm, (B) -0.1 to 0.5 mm, (C) -0.6 to 1 mm, (D)-1.1 to 1.5 mm, and (E) -1.6 mm or greater. For statistical purposes, these scores were divided into 2 subgroups according to the radiographic apex: acceptable (B, C and D) and non-acceptable (A and E). Statistically significant differences were not found between the results of Apex and iPex in terms of acceptable and non-acceptable measurements (P>0.05). Apex and iPex EALs provided reliable measurements for WL determination for endodontic therapy.